After the Roman Empire fell under the attacks of nomadic tribes, the Spanish Visigoths kingdom was founded. Barcelona has become one of the major cities of the kingdom, thanks to the convenient porta.V 716 Barcelona was conquered by the Arabs. However, the Arabs really did not remain in the city. After only a century Pyadoso Louis, son of Charlemagne rescued from Barcelona mavrov.V 801 the first year of a new era in the development of Barcelona. Port of Barcelona became one of the largest in the Mediterranean, and the city itself has grown considerably in various aspects. It was then, and there was the Barcelona County, which became independent in 988.

Since 11 century, Barcelona has developed more rapidly. Special impetus to the development of the city to confer on the union of the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon in the 12 century. King Alfonso the first was the first ruler of this new gosudarstva.Korol Jaime First engaged in pushing back the frontiers of the kingdom. Border Catalan-Aragonese kingdom to the south extends to Valencia. Jaime also organized an expedition to conquer the Balearic Islands, followed by Barcelona became the capital of the largest state in medieval Europe in the Mediterranean area.

The author also approaches the ideas of Kroeber, that in its article ' ' The Superorgnico' ' it showed as the culture acts on the man, thanks to which the humanity distanciou itself of the animal world. Among others contributions of Kroeber for the magnifying of the culture concept, are distinguished the affirmations of that the culture, but of what the genetic inheritance, determines the behavior of the man and justifies its accomplishments. Moreover, it considers that the man acts its cultural standards in accordance with, as well as standes out that the culture is the way of adaptation the different ecological environments. 5 Idea on the origin of the culture According to Laraia, one of the first concerns of the scholars with regard to the culture mentions its origin to it. According to diverse authors, between them Richard Leackey and Roger Lewin, beginning of the development of the human brain is a consequence of the life arborcula of its remote ancestor. Anthropologist David Pilbem mentions to it the bipedismo as an exclusive characteristic of the primates between all the mammals, affirming that practically all the primates livings creature have characteristic behavior of bpedes of time in when.

Beyond the scholars already cited, the author standes out the contributions of Kenneth P. Oakley, which detaches the importance of the manual ability, made possible for the erected position, when providing greaters stimulatons to the brain, with consequent development of intelligence human being. He still detaches, Claude Lvi-Strauss, the most detached antropolgico Frenchman, which considers that the culture appeared at the moment where the man stipulated the first rule, the first norm. In turn, the writer Leslie Whiter, North American anthropologist contemporary, considers that the ticket of the animal state for the human being occurred when the brain of the man was capable to generate symbols. 6 Modern theories on the culture In its boarding concerning the modern theories on the culture, Laraia mentions famous authors to it as Keesing, which approaches initially the theories that consider the culture as adaptativo system, spread out for neo-evolucionistas as Leslie White. However, this position was reformulated creative by Sahlins, Harris, Sheep, Rapaport, Vayda among others that although the divergences agree to many aspects related to the culture. For they, cultures are standards of behaviors socially transmitted; the cultural change consists an adaptation process first equivalent the natural election; the technology, the economy of subsistence and the elements of directly on the social organization to the production constitute the domain adaptativo of the culture; the ideological components of the cultural systems can have adaptativas consequncias in the control of the population of the subsistence, the maintenance of the ecosystem etc. Beyond these reflections, Keesing mention the theories to it culture idealists, subdividing them in three different boardings: culture as cognitivos, structural and symbolic systems, all searching explanations for the culture definition. According to Laraia, other quarrels concerning the culture had been and still they are stopped in this field of knowledge, therefore the understanding of the same one involves the understanding of the proper nature human being, what it becomes the inexhaustible quarrel.

The irregularity in the stations, with rigorous winters brought a bigger aggravation to the crisis; moreover, the railway line was damaged. years that had followed, dries, to get worse the situation. The central device was, in these conditions without substance suppliers cousin, and, therefore, soldier on barrack duty to function. Being vendido for third and resold for the Company Agricultural Progress, that also was to the bought at auction bankruptcy and in auctions for banks in the value of 90 stories, and, in a process of resales that if followed, arriving 750 stories. Through the state law n 800, of 22 of March de1918 aantiga colony where the related device was situated (today in ruins), was raised to the category of village and later by the law n 1052, of 10 of April of 1923, this village was raised to the category of known city as: They are Peter. Later, for the state decree n 75, of 22 of April of 1931, the city was extinct. After that reestablished for the decree n 121, of 12 of June of the same year. From then on, the city did not stop to grow.

In the decade of 60, the city of Is Peter had that to more than yield 50% of its lands for creation of the cities of Saint Ines and Santa Luzia. Emerso in a context bigger, Maranho, is important to emphasize that, from the decade of 20 the economic picture passed for a small alteration proceeding from the migratory flow northeastern, decurrent of droughts and economic crises, deciding partially the problem of the man power lack. The Maranho is concluded, therefore, that in the first half of century XX it continued with its primary aspects of subject production the fluctuations of the world-wide market. In the process of alteration of the economic picture, products previously considered of tip go to give place to babau and to the rice.

When thinking about Africa is as an automatic message the co-relation between slavery, misery and exploration on the part of the Europeans. Still we are inserted in one eurocntrica appearance that persists in encircling the pertaining to school banks, creating a certain imaginary occidental person on Africa. This positioning is ratified in the words of Anderson Ribeiro Olivae m its article: history of Africa in the pertaining to school banks. Representations and imprecises in didactic literature. (p.430): If the objective is here to analyze the form as the Africans and the History of Africa had been represented in the didactic literature of History, becomes indispensable to make an incursion for some of the works that had tried to clarify as the imaginary occidental person on Africa and the Africans were gestado. Boardings of the authors on Africa and its representations in analyzed books are of little contribution to understand its context in such a way politician, economic, social and cultural.

In all these analyzed workmanships the authors place that the black was vendido as merchandise in Brazil of century XIX, for reinforcement of the workmanship hand, and as such indispensable age. Therefore it is important to remember that the black did not come of a disorganized continent, without culture, tradition and past. But for the colonizador European of Africa it was different, for this the African black was an inferior being and that it only served it stops to serve, an object, a thing, ignoring its history and its personality. According to Mattoso (2003, P. 24) Africa had true organized empires, with unquestioned tribes and authorities there, also met tribal confederations and cities put with its rich markets in the way of the gold, the spices and ivory. Its markets were rich in varieties of things as salt and until slaves, in all Africa if it found, fishing a people, shepherd, trader and agriculturist warlike what it makes in them to see that the European tried to erase the history of Africa as if he did not exist until its arrival, and unhappyly this eurocntrica vision this being reproduced until today in our Brazilian didactic books.

The dream did not finish, but it comes across the challenge to go beyond the governmental structures and to create alternatives in the groups of form that the liberating mstica does not erase the combat against the spot of the modern slavery of the wild capitalism. The black candidacy of Francisca Trindade, blunted in form of advance and conquest of the space and black power in the institucional politics as councilman of Teresina, later state deputy and Representative, come to falecer in the height of its work together politician the layers poor of the State of the Piau, left in us the lighted flame of the fight for the public politics to be implanted in the communities quilombolas of the urban and agricultural zone. This person knew to be militant a militant one, as I buzzed of the Palmares, in action in favor of the people suffered from the Piau. In its cabinet always she had the presence of militant of the black movement. Another organized group important was the Black Movement Unified – MNU created by Frei Leandro and Adriana, Estnio and Claude Melo among others militant.

The group searchs the enrollment conquest and politician its filiados of the black power, with agenda politics in favor of the independent black organization of the spaces coed-opt for the politics of the elites of Brazil. Involving the Piaui now. After some years of walked the black movement its part has grown inside of a optics directed toward each person making. However, this inside brought new dynamics of the creativity and decentralization of leaderships. Although the individualism is having advances in the direction of performance in the diverse areas is social, politician, cultural and economic. To follow the diverse groups will be cited that prominence in the communitarian and social works has had with attention the black culture. The Groups of black women organized civil entity that has grown, and has fought burning hotly for social projects and politicians in sight to raise auto-esteem of the black woman, are with new headquarters where he has developed diverse communitarian activities.

He who are learning the laws of nature expanded the boundaries of knowledge of the universe, trying in vain to understand the meaning of his existence. In the modern world, notably seen contradictory properties of human nature, complexity of his character. Logical processing, compiling factual observation and empirical research can penetrate into the depth of content, to identify pattern of development. In his description of the historical process we have tried to use macro-anthropological approach based on the Kabbalah. This approach to studying the interaction of man-nature "in the present Time is of great importance as a means of interdisciplinary study of coherent phenomena of nature, society, groups and individuals. We can say that the object of our study is to examine and describe the most effective forms of human interaction in society, which would be the most optimal manner the process of natural development of man, nature and society, led to the creation of conditions for the formation and development optimum form of co-existence of external and internal forces of nature.

New trends in understanding the historical process of mankind develops gradually, and the strength of its development is the growing selfishness in it. If in humans did not develop selfishness, the previous generation does not differ from the present, just as we see it in animals. Selfish desire is the essential nature of creation at all levels – is the only thing that was created in the act of creation of the universe. We called it the "desire to receive pleasure" or "selfishness".