All wore a Masonic imprint and the consequent permanent conflict with Roman Catholicism. That line formalized intellectually by Sarmiento and Alberdi, directly sought a replacement in the past generated by Indian law, and the promise of Galilee, although not encouraged with the language of Cervantes. The attempt was very serious, and that substitution, which today would qualify with biases of ethnic cleansing, postulated to replace the gauchos by Anglo-Saxon or German. The last Sarmiento, was very explicit, and said in their conflict and harmony of races in America, 1883: let us be United States. More rather than Anglo-Saxon Teutonic or Scandinavian immigrants, came another important migratory flow. Most came from countries that spouted by constitute excluded processes sectors of formation of the respective nation States. So appeared: gallegos; Basques; Valencians, Asturian, Catalan; Neapolitans; Corsican; Occitan; Sardinian; Jews from Russia and Poland, Syrian and other from the Ottoman Empire, as well as from countries of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Although at the time this immigration flood was qualified as melting pot, makes us that it not inferred in his time, the share of cultural pluralism which it implied.

The sector that gripped the public powers, particularly since 1880, embarked on the task of nationalizing, the descendants of this powerful migratory movement, which for a long time, made neglecting the existing, particularly majority mestizo population, out of the hinterland of the humid Pampa. Not without the usual manifestations of violence, that group that held the formal powers public and private, recognized the men who lived in the provinces (not a who inhabited the then nine territories National) vote secret and mandatory, because until then the political regime is legitimised by elections where voting was public and volunteer. Such recognition, known as Saenz Pena law, it was possible that in 1916, becoming President Hipolito Yrigoyen. Attentive to constituents in 1853, had included a clause to avoid consecutive re-election of Urquiza, Yrigoyen had to wait until 1928, to be reelected again.